第20课

December 30, 2011 | Filed Under English | Leave a Comment 

3-1 What Are We Going To Do About The “T”?

整理by Graham

Mp3 Link: http://u.115.com/file/bhdxfzz9

 

1. Medial “T” becomes soft “D”

分别有以下三种情况：

_____

 

A. When “T” falls between two vowel sounds and when the syllable before the “T” is stressed, Americans pronounce it as a lightly tapped “D” instead of a “T”.

T出现在两个元音之间，或是T的前一个音节重读，美音习惯将[t]轻轻地发成[d]，作者甚至把它称作the almost [d] sound。

①Repeat after Dr. David

The beautiful British writer scattered the letters.

better, sister, greater, hitter

②Additional drills

sitting, sister, later, latest, greater, greatest, automatic, sixty, seventy, eighty,

ninety, button, utmost, latter

 

B. The same thing happens when “T” falls after a vowel and before an “L”. The “D” sound does not explode off the teeth but opens directly into the throat for the “L”.

当T出现在L前面，[dl]这个音要连起来发，不要停顿。

①Repeat after Dr. David

cattle, rattle, battle, bottle, settle

②Additional drills

kettle metal, mottled, fiddle, riddle

 

C. The same thing happens when the “T” falls after an “N” and before a vowel sound.

T夹在元音和N之间。

①Repeat after Dr. David

center, renter, granted

But notice that the “D” created in these words is softer and a bit closer to the teeth than the “Real D” in the words SENDER and RENDER.

这种情况下，[d]要比正常的[d]要快，不做停留。

②Additional drills

winter, Santa, granter, vented, fainted, printed

 

D. A “medial T” will stay an exploded “T” sound when the following syllable (the syllable started by the “T”) is stressed.

重读若在[t]之前的音节，轻轻发[d]，如attic；重读在[t]所在的音节，还是发[t]，如attach。注意重读符号的位置。

①Repeat after Dr. David

attack [ə’tæk] ,attic [‘ætik]

Italian [i’tæljən], Italy [‘itəli]

Atomic [ə’tɔmik], atom [‘ætəm]

automobile, momenta, attitude, city, etcetera

②Additional drills

retail, retain, auditorium, attempt, predatory, petition

 

2. the Final “T”

_____

 

A. In American speech, the “final T” usually doesn’t explode. The tongue hits the gum ridge (in the position for the “T” and just stays there.

[t]不要爆破发出来，舌头停在牙龈处，做到[t]的尾音不明显。

①Repeat after Dr. David

hit, hat, what, visit, credit, habit, about, boat

hit them, get shoes, bet numbers

读完第一个单词后，作者强调slide the [t] to the next，即为了使[t]不明显。

hardship, cod liver oil, head shrinker (俚.精神病医生)

类似地，连起来发，使尾音[d]不明显。

②Additional drills

bait, wait, gate, feet, feet, greet, eat, sit, fit, permit, goat, coat

head south, bat the ball, hat size, bad situation, start singing

 

B. When final “T” is followed by a word that begins with a vowel sound, it acts like a medial “T” and becomes a soft “D”.

尾音[t]后边接元音开头的单词，也轻轻地发[d]。

①Repeat after Dr. David

I don’t get it.

Right away.

Dinner at eight.

Hit it over the fence.

②Additional drills

Get over here

a pot of gold

film at eleven

Please set it down.

That isn’t it.

She’s smart enough.

He sat on the chai

They got away.

 

C. Another exception: when final “T” ends a consonant cluster and follows either an “N” or a voiceless consonant, you do need a very soft release of the “T” sound.

例外：当尾音[t]前面是[n]或清辅音，要发轻轻地发回原来的[t]。

①Repeat after Dr. David

grant, plant, tent, point, count

作者强调it’s not a really powerful explosion，记住Keep this [t] explosion very soft.

insist, cast, shift, lift, act, respect, slept, kept

②Additional drills

hint, tint, sent, paint, punt, runt, haunt, wouldn’t mist,

fist, waist, gift, expect, sipped, last, boast, roast

 

D. Finally, the sounds “K” and “P” act almost the same way as the “T” when in medial position. They don’t explode into the vowel. In fact, they tend to sound more like “G” and “B”.

同样地，[k]和[p]夹在两个元音之间，轻轻地发成各自对应的清辅音[g]和[b]。

①Repeat after Dr. David

soccer, pocket, pickle, ticket, accurate, actual

track it, back off, a pack of gums

supper, happy, capture

a sip of water, a map of Europe, creep around

②Additional drills

back up, a sack of flour, the peak of health

pack it tightly, hop over, sip slowly

a cup of coffee, with his cap on

 

第19课

December 29, 2011 | Filed Under English | Leave a Comment 

2-8 Relaxing After Final Consonants

整理by Graham

Mp3 Link: http://u.115.com/file/aq7dtatb

 

Dr. David: People from many languages tend to use too much energy on final consonants. This can cause extra puffs of air or even extra vowel sounds to attach to the Ends of words. Pay particular attention to this section if your first language is Italian, Greek, or Korean. There’s also some tendency to explode too hard with some speakers of other East Asian languages.

 

1. Voiceless Final Consonants

①Repeat after Dr. David

safe/a safe place

tooth/tooth decay

ice/ice cream

publish/publish the book

sip/sip the drink

②Additional drills

sit/sit there

sick/the sick child

half/half priced

fifth/fifth generation

promise/promise me

tip/tip that waitress

top/top drawer

rock/rock pile

parish/parish priest

 

2. Voiced Final Consonants

①Repeat after Dr. David

have/have time

jazz/jazz singer

cab/cab driver

side/side street

drag/drag the furniture

②Additional drills

prove/prove that

praise/praise the lord

ebb/ebb tide

road/road work

lag/lag behind

I feel safe when i leave and my relief shows up.

Not having enough love can cause great grief.

This is as good as it gets.

This happened because his rose garden was beautiful.

Stop the cab!

Can the cop nab the criminal?

The baby can’t sleep in that crib.

The hotel let me keep the rose.

Don’t kick the dog.

He was struck on the back by a plastic bag.

The pig picked up a jug of water.

Crack open the keg.

Let the seed sit on the ground.

You need a hat on your head on hot days.

Get outside and walk around a bit.

He had to avoid getting hit in the head.

 

第18课

December 29, 2011 | Filed Under English | Leave a Comment 

2-7 Voiced & Voiceless Consonant Pairs

整理by Graham

Mp3 Link: http://u.115.com/file/dnhf29eb

 

Dr. David: Many Europeans have trouble pronouncing voiceless consonants at the ends of words. This is particularly true when coming from German, Russian, and other Slavic languages. Some Asian speakers also have difficulty with the voiceless forms particularly those from Vietnam and other parts of Southeast Asia.

 

1. [ʃ] and [ʒ]

①Repeat after Dr. David

beige(adj.米黄色的)/bash

loge/gauche

brush/rouge

visual/vicious

delicious/collision

cashier/casual

②Additional drills

prestige/quiche(n.乳蛋饼)

garage/harsh

I was ashamed that i bashed the cashier in the face.

Stash the cash on the shelf of the garage.

Do i have permission to finish pining on the corsage?

The shark envisioned itself close to the ocean shore.

It’s a shame to delay the occasion.

 

2. [f] and [v]

①Repeat after Dr. David

safe/save

have/half

relief/relieve

grieve/grief

[v]- cave, behave, Steve

I have half of the leaf.

I feel safe when i leave and my relief shows up.

②Additional drills

Love/enough shelves/shelf wave/waif groove/roof grove/loaf leave/leaf

I’d love to live off the land.

Give of yourself when you have money.

I can save myself if i have to.

Not having enough love can cause grief.

 

3. [θ] and [ð]

①Repeat after Dr. David

teeth/teethe

New teeth make a baby teethe.

sooth/soothe

The soothsayer(n.预言家) can soothe away your worries.

bath/bathe

He can bathe in the bath tub.

[θ]-fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh eighth, ninth, tenth

②Additional drills

He bathed for the fourth time.

The dentist can soothe your tooth with clove oil.

The will teethe when he gets his new tooth.

 

4. [p] and [b]

①Repeat after Dr. David

cab/cap

tab/tap

cop/cob

[b]-tribe, crib, cab, crab, hub

Stop the cab!

Can the cop nab the criminal?

The hotel let me keep the robe(n.长袍).

②Additional drills

Slip/crib slept/ebb cap/cab corrupt/hub crape/abe rope/robe curb/burp

The baby can’t sleep in that crib.

Wear a bib and sip this cup of soup.

You can’ t stop that tribe.

 

5. [k] and [g]

①Repeat after Dr. David

sack/sag

mug/muck

hock/hog

bag/back

[g]-pig, brag, drag, big, mug

Crack open the keg!

Don’t kick the dog!

He was struck on the back by a plastic bag.

②Additional drills

peck/peg

lock/log

rag/rack

lag/lack

stack/stag

pig/pick

jock/jog

The keg gorged a crack at the back of the green doghouse.

Greg can kick the ball back over the log.

The big picked up a jug of water.

He has a big chip on his shoulder.

Drag that sack back inside.

 

6. [t] and [d]

①Repeat after Dr. David

seat/seed

sad/sat

height/hide

[d]-bead, bread, said, had

②Additional drills

Bet/bet

rate/raid

fade/fate

feet/feed

grade/great

paid/pate

set/said

Let the seed sit on the ground.

You need a hat on your head on hot days.

Get outside and walk around a bit.

I hit my head a lot when I’m tired.

 

第17课

December 23, 2011 | Filed Under English | Leave a Comment 

2-6 the Nasal Consonants

整理by Graham

Mp3 Link: http://u.115.com/file/bhdx3f7u

 

1. the [ m ]

Spelling:

“m” or “mm” as in man camp hamper hammer

①Repeat after Dr. David

mother, move, motion, tomorrow, Mary

(Don’t push your lip too much or press them together with too much force.

发[m]不要强抿着嘴。)

My mother hopes I’ll marry in the month of May.

Many moons ago a man made a map of Minnesota.

②Additional drills

Meet, mitten, Mexico, map, moose, moss, mop, mother, mail, most, mile,

Mouse, moist, mere, moors, marble, ham, temper, empty, important, simple,

Jim, slim, game, home, immense, imitate, ember, consumer, coming, summer,

Swarming, calm, some, team

My mother was emotional when she came home from Maine.

Mike mixed cream and mint into my mild emulsion

Crime-mongers claim that criminals can’t reform.

Make hammering noises sometime after early morning.

In most of the time his slam-dunk motion is monotonous.

 

2. the [n]

Dr. David: The next two sounds — [n] and [ŋ]–cause the most Difficulty for East Asian language speakers. This is particularly true for Chinese and Southeast Asian languages.

So pay particular attention to these two sounds, and the drills which contrast them. You also find speakers of German, Yiddish, Russian, and other Slavic languages will put extra “k” at the end of the “ng” consonant.

Spellings :

“n” or “nn” as in Nancy, name, man

“kn” as in knee, knit

“pn” as in pneumonia, pneumatic

For the [n], your tongue goes right up behind the top teeth, use the side of your tongue against the side of your teeth.

赖世雄老师的美音指南是这样描述的：双唇微张，舌尖上扬轻轻抵住上齿龈，振动声带，气息由鼻腔出来。

①Repeat after Dr. David

name, neighbor, no, narrow, Nancy, noble

Ann, sand, sin, brain, rain, ben, soon

Don’t keep your tongue back, keep it forwards.

②Additional drills

knee, nip, nebula, napkin, noon, neutral, knob, number, nail, notice,

nice, now, near, nautical, number, nail, notice, nice, now, near, nautical,

number, nail, notice, nice, north, enough, interest, enter, antics, soonest,

Tawny, tainted, toner, downy, teen, grin, pen, pain, pun, spoon, spawn

You never know when to stop the nonsense.

I’m not annoyed at Noah for negotiation the annuity.

He’s interested in taking the tainted products away.

Sit inside the pavilion instead of in the sun.

Is anyone interested in annotating the notebook?

Ned announced which train was arriving next.

 

3. the [ŋ]

Spellings:

“ng” as in sang, rang, crying

“n(k)” as in rank, sank

Instead of bringing your tongue forwards and up, bring it back and up. Let the sound come out in your nose with no explosion.

舌头的后部上扬，抵住上颚，气体从鼻腔出来。

_____

 

A. followed “g”

①Repeat after Dr. David

reading, writing, jumping, dancing

rang, fang, tang, sing

Don’t put hard explosion in [g], let the sound without it.

②Additional drills

running, arguing, yelling, scraping, cutting, bring, ring, finger,

Linger, gang, hang, clang, mangle, pang, sting

 

B. followed by “k”

①Repeat after Dr. David

sank, rank, frank, sink, drink, tank

②Additional drills

bank, canker, dank, hanker, clank, plank, swank, vanquish(v.征服)

Ran/rang, fan/fang, tan/tang, sin/sing

Sank, rank, frank, sink, drink, rank, tank

 

C. Contrast

①Repeat after Dr. David

ran/rang/rank

tan/tang/tank

sin/sing/sink

Don’t sing songs about sin.

He ran over and ranked the gong.

I plan to bring Frank a rowing machine.

He’s walking along the sand and getting a tan.

②Additional drills

Sing songs about running and laughing at the rink.

I like things which bring admiring fans to the brink of tears.

Exercising his swimming and diving style was a passing hobby.

He’s coming around here every morning and waking up the sleeping Children.

 

第16课

December 21, 2011 | Filed Under English | Leave a Comment 

2-5 New Consonants, New Problems

整理by Graham

Mp3 Link: http://u.115.com/file/clq903ph

 

1. The “S”

_____

 

A. Initial [ s ]

Dr. David: Speakers from the following languages have the strongest tendencies to put an extra vowel sound before the initial “S” — Spanish, Korean, & Chinese and Southeast Languages.

Don’t put a vowel before it, just no voice.

不要在[s]前边加上元音，只需轻轻发出“丝”，记得不要有声音。

Spellings:

“s” as in snake clocks

“c” as in center concern

①Repeat after Dr. David

save, some, several, science, somewhere, celebrate,

soggy, state, station, student, start, stomach, stop, stubborn

Something special happened this summer.

My sister is still sitting by my side.

The students stayed away from the stove.

The speaker started to scream about the station.

②Additional drills

seal, sip, set, sat, socks, sane, sociology, seem, seep, sill, separate,

everal, century, sang, star stand, stove, steel, stenography, stereo, safest, sincerely, cinema

 

B. “S” pronounced as “[z]”

①Repeat after Dr. David

as, was, does, those, his, has, is, easy

houses, whose, reason, rise, use, position, resolve

pause, phrase, deposit, transfer, surprise

It was as easy as that.

There is a surprise for you in the house.

Who caused you to transfer those musicians?

②Additional drills

dissolve, cause, praise, phrase, positive,

applause, dissolve, preserve, because, musician

Whose idea was it to build those houses?

It isn’t as good as it was because of the materials they used.

 

2. Consonants behind the “S”

_____

 

A. the [ʃ]

Spelling:

“sh” as in sharp, cash “s” as in sugar, sure

“c” as in ocean

“ss” as in passion

“t” as in diction, action

①Repeat after Dr. David

share, shield, shell, shock, shine

Show me where the shower is.

I’m sure you shouldn’t shoot the shotgun.

The sun is shining on the shore.

Show me what good diction can accomplish

“-tion”, ”-ssion” :

diction, election, action, passion, admission

②Additional drills

shield, shimmer, shell, sham, shoot, shook, shock, shudder, shame, shine, shower,

shore, shark, sheer, ocean, motion, diction, transition, creation,

sensation, quiche, accomplish, finish, diminish, cash

 

B. the [tʃ]

Dr. David: Pay particular attention to this sound if your first language is French. Don’t substitute the “[ʃ]” sound for this one.

二外学法文的同学可能清楚大卫这句话的意思。

Spellings:

“ch” as in chip

“tch” as in pitch

①Repeat after Dr. David

chair, chime, catch, change, charming

The child on the chair hurt his chin.

I need change to buy some chocolate.

The charming children are playing checkers.

②Additional drills

cheap, chip, chamber, chastise, chew, choke, chocolate, Richmond,

exchequer(国库), searching, mischief, lurch, match, attach, much

 

C. contrasting “[tʃ]” and “[ʃ]”

①Repeat after Dr. David

sherry/cherry share/chair show/choke

There’s a chance of rain showers.

The children are at the shore.

I shall change shoes when I get a chance.

The shallow channel was full of sharks.

②Additional drills

chill/shill	harp/char	chip/ship	shop/chop
china/shiny	wish/witch	ash/itch	cash/catch

 

D. the [ʒ]

Same tongue position as [ʃ] but keep the voice going

[ʃ]和[ʒ]是两个对应的清浊辅音，发[ʒ]要振动声带

Spellings:

“s” as in vision

“g” as in prestige

①Repeat after Dr. David

division, explosion, vision, confusion, decision,

loge, corsage, prestige, garage, beige

②Additional drills

envisioned, occasion, confusion, derision

 

3. Confusing the letters “j” & “g”

_____

 

A. the [ d3 ]

Dr. David: French speakers often pronounce this sound as zh, while Spanish speakers often use an h. but, as with so many other sounds, this consonant really should be practiced by everybody.

Spellings:

“g” as in gem, gender

“j” as in James, Jack

“dg” as in judge

①Repeat after Dr. David

Joe, James, john, joke, jury, jeep, gymnasium, jeopardy

Joe was the general riding in the jeep.

Jim waited for the judge to jump in the air.

②Additional drills

gyp, jack, Jewish, jaw, logical, hinges, advantage, engineer, legion, lodge, image, advantage, budge

 

B. the [h]

Dr. David: many languages use a very harsh or throaty h-sound. this is especially true in some dialects of Spanish, as well as Russian, German, and Greek.

The American [h] has to be nice and soft. “Hurry in here, Henry.”

发[h]要温柔。

Spellings :

“h” as in hit

①Repeat after Dr. David

help, house, hospital, holy, Henry

I hear that geometry is just the same as logic.

The judge handed the jury his decision.

②Additional drills

heel, him, help, hale,

hoop, hook, hall, hop, hug, hope, hail

 

C. Contrasting [dʒ] and [h]

jim/him

joe/hope

jill/hill

jeep/heap

jail/hail

Hester/jester

hope/joke

holly/jolly

house/joust

 

D. the [ j ]

Dr. David: Spanish speakers are most likely to substitute a dg sound for the y-glide. Also remember that in many European languages, this sound is spelled with the letter “j.”

Spellings:

“y” as in young, yes, yellow, yoke, yesterday, yard

“u” as in union, university, usual, uranium

“j” as in Johansson, Jespersen (European pronunciation)

①Repeat after Dr. David

young, yes, yellow, yoke, yesterday, yard, union, university, usual, uranium

②Additional drills

yield, yippee, yams, you, yawn, yacht, Yale, yeoman, yikes, years,

As yet, the yellow bird hasn’t yelled its song.

Years ago, young people attended Yale University.

He yawned while eating yams last year.

Don’t you usually get seasick on yacht rides?

Uranium used to yield energy.

 

E. Contrasting [j] and [dʒ]

①Repeat after Dr. David

yellow/jello

yale/jail

young/jungle

yes/jess

Young George joined the New York Yankees.

Yes, Jess is the name of my young son.

Joe yelled at George who was in the jewelry store.

②Additional drills

jewel/Yule	jell/yell	yodel/Joel	year/jeer
yoke/joke	yard/jar	yawn/jaw	union/June

 

第15课

December 20, 2011 | Filed Under English | Leave a Comment 

2-4 Reviewing Difficult Consonants

整理by Graham

Mp3 Link: http://u.115.com/file/bhds4g9a

 

1. [r] and [l]

Dr. David: The American-style initial R-Sound should be practiced by speakers of all other first language groups. Of course, R/L confusion usually takes place with speakers of East Asian language -those of Japan, China, Korea, and Southease Aisa. Be particularly careful not to insert the extra vowel sound when the “R” follows other consonants if you are a speaker of Hindi (and other subcontinent languages), Arabic, Farsi(波斯语), and Togo log.

 

A. The [ r ]

Spelling:

“r” as in run, truck, front

Remember, you still make the [r] with the backward move of the tongue or by curling your tongue tip up and back. Just like you did on the R-shaded vowel.

①Repeat after Dr. David

red, rose, Rome, reach, rent, remember

green, fried, crash, brew, break, freight

tree, try, trouble, trick

The tree is growing from the lawn.

I had trouble broiling(烤) the fresh fish.

It’s true that I’m proud of the winter crop.

②Additional drills

repeat	rid	rest	rat	root
rookie	rough	run	rake	roast
rye	round	royal	rear	rural
rotten	roar	tree	free	trip
grid	Fred	tread	true	brew
crook	broad	trust	crop	tropic
grade	thrill	chrome	grown	freight
trial	crowd	proud	trash	crash

Remember the Red River Rovers whenever revisiting Texas.

Real estate agents read listings regularly.

Trucks from the farm ravaged the remaining structures.

Retractors really roll away from your grip.

Red roses represent real royalty there in France.

 

B. The [l]

Spelling:

“I” or “II” as in long, lost, hall

①Repeat after Dr. David

love, loan, election, sell

②Additional drills

leap	lick	let	latch	loop
look	lost	lot	luck	element
elaborate	illuminate	Alabama	political	peel
pill	spell	gal	pool	pull
toll	tail	girl

Listen, Larry, we’d like to level with you about your lawn.

Until eleven it’s less likely to happen.

Spelling takes a toll on the girl’s listening abilities.

The lesson learned is clearly about loving your daily labor.

 

C. Contrasting [r] and [l]

①Repeat after Dr. David

The tongue move back for the [r] and forward for the [l].

The long river looks really lovely.

Lucy was real lucky.

The rent is likely to rise later.

A lot of rain leaked through the roof.

②Additional drills

Element/error	Load/road	Wrong/long
Illness/irregular	Rug/lug	Rust/lust
Regulate/legislate	Roast/close	Royal/loyal

 

2.[v]and [w]

Dr. David: Pay particular attention to the V and W formations and contrasts if your first language is GERMAN, RUSSIAN, other SLAVIC languages, as well as Finnish, Hungarian, Norwegian, SWEDISH, and DANISH, FARSI, HINDI and other languages of the subcontinent.

__________

 

A. The [v]

Spellings:

“v” as in very, have

“f” as in of

①Repeat after Dr. David

very, every, vote, have, voice, save

②Additional drills

veal	visit	voodoo	Vaughn	vacate
vote	vibrate	void	veer	vary
vat	fever	harvest	avoid	save
grieve	relieve	love	shelves	wave
groove	grove	leave

 

B. The [ w ]

Common Spellings:

“w” as in will, work, west

“u+another vowel” as in quick, square

Occasional Spelling:

“wh” as in which, when, whether

Dr. David: There are many parts of the United States where the [w] sound is pronounced with a slight, voiceless air puff before the lip glide when the word contains the “wh” spelling.

①Repeat after Dr. David

will, want, worry, west, watch, was, Wednesday

②Additional drills

We	Will	West	Wax	Wooed
Walk	Wok	Woke	Wake	Wow
War	Were	West	Want	Which
Want	Whale	When	White	whip

 

C. Contrasting [v] and [w]

①Repeat after Dr. David

Victor was very worried.

I want to vote next Wednesday.

Everyone was visiting the west coast.

I never worked very hard on Wednesday evenings.

②Additional drills

West/vest

Worse/verse

Went/vent

Velma/well

 

D. Contrasting [r], [v] and [w]

①Repeat after Dr. David

[r]	[w]	[v]
Rest	West	vest
Rain	Wayne	Vain
Real	Wheel	Veal
Rail	Whale	vale

②Additional drills

rill	will	villain
Rome	won’t	vote
rye	why	violent
round	wound	vow

 

3. [b] and [v]

__________

 

A. The [b ]

Dr. David: Spanish speakers must pay closest attention to the contrast between the American “B” and “V” consonants.]

Spellings:

“b” or “bb” as in bear, cab, cabbage

①Repeat after Dr. David

berry, boat, bank, about, borrow, boat, baseball

②Additional drills

beet	big	beg	bag	boot
book	bought	bottom	but	bail
boat	bite	bout	boy	boar
beer	abe	robe	boob	hub
bribe	ebb	verb	cable	cribbage
cubic	cobble	cab

 

B. Contrasting [b] and [v]

①Repeat after Dr. David

The boat is very big.

Can the boy visit his brother victor?

I have to borrow five bank notes.

I have better vision from the back row.

②Additional drills

Very/berry	Verb/bird	Bid/video	Vote/boat
Veil/bail	Bill/villain	Ben/venerable	Average/about

 

第13课

December 15, 2011 | Filed Under English | Leave a Comment 

2-2 More Diphthongs and Vowels

整理by Graham

Mp3 Link: http://u.115.com/file/bhd3z2cr

(第二课的内容是讲三个复合元音和三个单元音，形式与之前2-1的一样，只是篇幅小了很多，所以这一课我就不再拆分出2-2-1之类的了。录音比较短，不过仍有跟读、独自和对比练习。)

 1. Diphthong

__________

 

A. The Long [ai]

Common spelling:

“i+consonant+e” as in life, advice

“y” as in pylon(高压电线塔), shy, dry

“i” as in virus, crisis, China

Occasional spellings:

“igh” as in high, fight

“ai” as in aisle(通道)

_____

①Repeat after Dr. David

I’m, fine, arrive, climb, trial

_____

②Additional drills

erudite	pylon	shiner	lice	appetite
icy	skylight	crucify	sideline	icon
eye	baptize	identity	crime	idle
die	concise	twilight	advice	side
briny	dried	right	fire	thrice
china	virus	rye	ride	pyrite
myopic	spy	spicy	shy	time
pliers	pliable	style	bright	cry

It’s the right time to find a gold mine in the sky.

I transcribed five dialogues, but I don’t know why.

The sight of dry land was exciting for IRA.

A life of violent crime is a sign of the times.

Eliza was the pride of the science fair.

Fried pike is sliced for Friday night’s supper.

Ivy vines are tied down behind the shutters.

My guide and I had a fine time on the Nile.

Please recite ironic rhymes of an iambic kind.

Blind justice presided at the indictment.

Dried spice is likely to be appetizing.

 

B. The [au]

Common spellings:

“ou” as in pound, loud, out, mound, pouch

“ow” as in coward, crown, wow, cow, shower

_____

①Repeat after Dr. David

Hour, out, sound, crown, town

_____

②Additional drills

coward	carouse	crowd	mouse	count
down	powder	confound	crown	douse
round	town	pouch	flounder	cloud
louse	flower	out	amount	abound
shroud	hound	proud	cow	denounce
profound	trowel	mound	about	bow
ounce	dowel	foul	towel	mountain
south	shower	pounce	doubt	oust

The loudest hound in town wowed at the mouse.

The lout proudly scowled at those in the household.

The coward found a trowel and plowed into the mound.

I doubt that the louse will pound down the flowers.

The crowd loudly prowled the streets of the town.

The cow was doused by a shower out of the cloud.

I found that I had gained about a pound.

He counted the hours and vowed to get out of the house.

The sow, the mouse and the cow sounded a rousing song.

Wild flowers abound in out-of-the-way mountains.

 

C. The [ɔi]

Common Spellings:

“oy” as in foyer, Joyce, oyster

“oi” as in spoil, void, noise

_____

①Repeat after Dr. David

Oyster, oil, soil, moisture, annoyed, joyful, soybean

_____

②Additional drills

foyer	despoil	moisture	ointment	ploy
cloister	oyster	joy	rejoice	buoyancy
hoist	coin	troy	choice	foible
broil	annoy	soybean	royal	toil
soy	poise	avoid	alloyed	loyal
goiter	point	noise	loin	oily
devoid	anoint	doily	poignant	soil
oil	asteroid	steroid

The boy joined in the noise.

Loyal Lloyd anointed the royal head with oil. (忠诚的劳埃德把皇室的头像抹得油亮。)

Boyle put soy sauce on the boiled oysters.

He coiled around the moist cloister pillars.

He toiled to hoist the soybeans from the soil.

The boisterous boy oiled the noisy toy.

He foiled the exploits of those who were loitering.

Ointment is the best choice for your aching joints.

Joyce’s poignant remark annoyed Roy’s foy(临别赠品).

The noisy boy lost his voice while rejoicing.

The royalty exploited their loyal subjects.

D. Review these three diphthongs by mixing up in flowing sentence.

I get around the town quite well.

The boy can’t find his loud toy.

He was annoyed by the sounds of the night.

The sign he painted was moist after the awful rain shower

2. Single Vowels

__________

 

A. The [ʌ]

Common spelling:

“u” as in under, stubborn, hut, us

“o” as in Mother, love, come

Occasional spellings:

“ou” as in southern

“oo” as in blood

_____

①Repeat after Dr. David

Under, mother, love, hunt, such

Run up to your brother’s hunting lodge.

The dove flew up above the clouds.

His mother cooked supper, but nothing could comfort her Son.

_____

②Additional drills

stubborn	exult	hunter	ulster	rush
nun	stucco	deluxe	trouble	cover
hush	hut	struggle	discuss	wonder
alone	hull	cut	study	brush
lunch	crush	some	come	bus
stump	brunt	upper	chuck	bunk
us	rummage	abduct	unused	slumber
club	glutton	us	slush	until

This stuntman stumbles and tumbles in the mud.

A mother’s love is above that of another

Some suds from the supper dishes were in a dull puddle.

The puppy covered up the other couple’s lunch.

The blood under the bud vase was trouble for Gus.

The drunk number something into his cup.

(我觉得这个句子语法有问题，number作为动词，应该有时态变化，可就算是numbered，那个醉汉到底做了一个什么动作，编号？酒杯？，恳请同学教教我。)

At an upper crust brunch one must wear gloves.

The drunk mumbled something into his cup.

Southern hunters used clubs and lived in huts.

The glutton lunged for the crumbs of the crusty buns.

 

B. the short [æ]

Common Spellings:

This vowel is almost always spelled with the letter “a” as in hand, at, back, fabric.

发[æ]音的字母几乎都是a

_____

①Repeat after Dr. David

sad, mad, cat, grass, bat, track, man, dance

I had to have a match after the candle went out.

It’s natural for jack to bat one-handed.

Stan and Joanne are standing in the back of the bank.

after, grant, France, example, draft, craft, command

大卫说，美音里边是念[‘æftə]的，YouDao也有两个不同的音标。

_____

②Additional drills

after	passage	adding	rammed	man
basket	baggage	halfway	anthill	ask
path	mass	alcove	bashful	accept
pam	tank	soprano	master	disaster
laugh	apples	anthem	ambulance	lad
Alps	shatter	annual	handsome	frank
hand	admiral	sandwich	fabric	bath
math	wax	trap	answer

(注：master、disaster、answer的a在美音里都是发[æ],不发[a:])

The soprano laughed as she shattered the glass.

The passengers and baggage were trapped in the alcove.

Pam made an ample snack of the wax apples.

Lady aster handed the annual to the wax apples.

Ask any bashful man in Alabama and accept his answer.

The huddled masses sang the national anthem.

Let’s have a lamb and ham sandwich.

Sam rammed the flag into the anthill.

During the disaster the master commanded the castle.

The staff had a rash of bad habits.

 

C. The Short [ɔ]

Common spelling:

“o” as in rock, oxygen, fox, on, pocket

Occasional spelling:

“a ” as in what, want, watch, calm, swamp, father

_____

①Repeat after Dr. David

on, hot, honest, god, lock, positive, occupy

Please respond honestly and confidently.

I haven’t gotten any knowledge about the new contest.

The rocks and the logs are on roof of the cottage.

He was positive about the honor of god.

What, want, watch, wash, father, calm, swamp

My father wanted to go to the spa(温泉浴场).

Which clothes do you want to wash tonight?

He walked into the swamp very calmly.

_____

②Additional drills

rock	response	lock	jalopy	opera
honor	golf	jonquil	obstinate	oxygen
locksmith	common	odd	opposite	confidence
almond	on	obvious	obelisk	fox
bog	occupy	monogamy	plot	pocket
knock	gondola	stop	sock	plotted
positive	option	obligate	grotto	constitute
honest

He occupied the gondola of the golf cart.

The rocket short toward the opposite air lock

The obstinate opera singer was preoccupied.

Becket was positive about the honor of god.

Move the fox from the rocks to the bog.

He was confident about giving an obstinate response.

The frog got groggy and hopped away.

Anonymous l letters commonly dishonor Adonis.

Oxygen is commonly found in air pockets.

The rock grotto was obviously on final option.

I’m obligated to respond with fondest acknowledgments.

第12课

December 15, 2011 | Filed Under English | Leave a Comment 

2-1-4

整理by Graham

 

A. The Hard [əu]

(美音的[əu]与英音的[əu]是有很大的区别的，这个之前见过前者的嘴巴圆些，有点像普通话的“欧”)

Common Spellings:

“o” as in over, ocean, notion, polar, tomato

“o+consonat+e” as in wrote, quote,,smoke

” ow” as in row, bowl, grow

Occasional Spellings:

“ew” an in sew

“oa” as in soak, loaf

“oe” as in woeful

“ough” as in furlough

Go, home, motion,

_____

①Repeat after Dr. David

Over, ocean, no, grow, echo, phone, nobody

Goal, role, mold, cold

I hope i can go home tomorrow.

She rowed the boat over the ocean.

He wrote home hoping for a big loan.

_____

②Additional drills

romance	notion	phone	grow	loan
lowly	oaken	legato	hope	apropos
grocery	ocean	window	soak	photo
dough	staccato	bold	loaf	tomato
motion	loco	flow	woeful	float
echo

Long ago people slept on the cold earth.

Slowly the ocean rolled toward the row of homes.

The oboe and celled sat alone, echoing tone for tone.

He was bloated after eating a roast and a tomato.

Of all the folks I know, he is the most hopeful.

The rowboat slowly floated in the ocean.

I told Joan that the snow is flown in from Ohio.

Smoke rolled out the open end of the hotel window

Joan wrote to Joe, hoping for romance.

I told the owner of the boat to be bold.

I took the dough out of the bowl to make the loaf.

 

B. The Soft [ɔ:]

Common Spellings:

“al” as in walk all mall

“au” as in sauce applaud laundry cause

“aw” as in awful flan jaw lawn

Occasional Spellings:

“o” as in cloth, off, song, moss

_____

①Repeat after Dr. David

all, walk, raw, ought

applaud, taught, naught, nautical, cause, sauce

often, cloth, lost, salt

The tall author paused and walked home.

Leaves fall on the lawn very often.

Paul ate some really awful sauce.

Don’t walk off with such a bad cough.

_____

②Additional drills

applaud	laundry	sought	naught	draw
chalk	flawless	loft	thought	mall
author	bawdy	strong	caught	moth
vault	glossy	hall	jaw	cause
laud	raw	stall	cough	pause
long	lost

The tall author walked often.

The awkward, awful, strong man walked home.

Lost boys often become flawless at reform school.

Horses often cost more than the monthly draw.

The dog fought the moth he had brought home.

He stalked the ball and then vaulted down the hall.

The awful sauce made Paul pause and then walk away.

The cat crawled across the lawn with its hurt paw.

Right or wrong, we applauded the awkward author.

The cloth in the hall smells of moth balls.

You taught me to vault flawlessly without falling.

 

C. Contrasting “Hard [əu]” and “Soft [ɔ:]”

[O]ver {a}ll, cl{o} th is better than g[o]ld.

I s{aw} him w{a}lk h[0]me al[o]ne.

D[o]n’t f{a}ll in the [o]cean while w{a}lking on the b[oa]t.

_____

①Additional drills

[]	{}	[]	{}
Loaf	Loft	Woke	Walk
Stole	Stall	Coat	Caught
Pose	Pause	Choke	chalk

第11课

December 15, 2011 | Filed Under English | Leave a Comment 

2-1-3

整理by Graham

 

A. The Hard [u:]

Common Spellings:

“oo” as in smooth, spoon, cool

“ew” as in brew, threw, sewer

“u” as in Susan, studio, ruby, truth

Occasional Spellings:

“o+consonant+e” as in move prove

“ui” as in juice “ue” as in blue, due

“o” as in who “ou” as in coupe, toupee

_____

①Repeat after Dr. David

smooth, spoon, boot, moon, truth

school, cool, rule, foolish

It’s true that the new school is a gloomy place.

He cleans the studio every Tuesday at noon.

She likes the view of the moon on June nights.

Drink fruit juice when you have the flue.

Judy was very rude to Susan.

_____

②Additional drills

spoon	prunes	brew	roof	smooth
boost	flute	who	sewer	moon
rumor	through	blue	fruit	prove
room	coupon	gloomy	true	shoe
prove	threw	truth	food	plumage
school	rude	boot	troupe	ruby
pool	cool	bloom	juicy	loose
move

I always knew that prunes grew under the blue moon.

The gloomy June moon is moving foolishly.

At two past noon, I heard hooves on the roof.

It’s true that Sue proves school is gloomy.

Give the student a boost with your boot.

Rumor has it that raccoons buy fruit with coupons.

Newman got juiced because Stu threw brew into the soup.

After his review, the pupil developed a loose screw.

Judy was rude to Susan.

The crew brewed the stew for two hours.

 

B. The Soft [u]

Common Spelling:

“oo” as in wood, foot, took

“u” as in bullet, full, bushel, put

Occasional Spellings:

“o” as in wolf, woman

“ou” as in would, could, should

_____

①Repeat after Dr. David

could, good, should, wooden, foot, good-bye, wolf, took, look

pull, bull, full, bullet

不要因为有[l]而把[ul]发成[u:l]

H took a look under the car’s hood.

They pulled the wolf out of the woods.

There are good books in the neighborhood library.

The butcher’s steaks looked really good.

Dr. Goodman took a bullet out of the man’s foot.

_____

②Additional drills

wooden	bullet	boulevard	could	hook
careful	bullion	bully	nook	pull
helpful	forsook	butcher	push	bush
pulpit	boogie	booklet	wood	put
ambush	woman	wolf	sugar	brook
bull	wolf	cushion	hood	ludwig

We pulled the wolf from the woods to the boulevard.

The butcher’s hook took out the sooty bully.

Dr. Goodman took the bullet from the rookie’s foot.

Woody stood up wearing cushioned footwear.

I understood there was a good book in the library.

Brooks was hoodwinked from the pulpit by Mr. Cook.

Only tourists put bushels of soot in the brook.

Captain Hook ate a bushel of cookies.

I couldn’t have understood the crook’s motives.

The Pullman conductor took a look at his ticket book.

 

C. Contrasting “Hard [u:]” and “Soft [u]”

(与之前相同，中括号表示硬元音，大括号表示软元音)

We p{u}lled him out of the swimming p[oo]l.

He p{u}t his f{oo}t in the n[ew] b[oo]t.

The w{o}man said g{oo}d-bye to her st[u]dents..

He c{ou}ldn’t pr[o]ve that the n[ew]s was tr[ue].

_____

①Additional drills

[]	{}	[]	{}
wooed	wood	cooed	could
pool	pull	fool	full
who’d	hood	shoed	should
stewed	stood	luke	look

 

第10课

December 15, 2011 | Filed Under English | Leave a Comment 

2-1-2

整理by Graham

 

A. The Hard [ei]

Common Spellings: (发[ei]常见的字母搭配)

“a+consonant+e” as in take, sage

“ei” as in weigh, neighbor

“ay” as in may, day, way

“ai” as in aim, aid, fail, mail

Occasional Spellings: (不常见的搭配)

“a” as in aviator, April

“ei” as in eight

[Dr David: More than any other vowel in human speech, [ei] is susceptible to upward gliding lilt. This is especially true for speakers of Hungarian, Finnish, Polish, and many of the languages of Africa and the Asian sub-continent. Do not permit this diphthong to slide up in pitch. ]

_____

①Repeat after Dr. David

aim, day, say

ale, male, sail

Today’s date is April the eighth.

The freight train traveled away from the station.

Stay away from the trail when it is raining.

_____

②Additional drills

weight	player	neighbor	aviator	frame
ale	chase	face	instigate	ailing
haze	ate	rainfall	maybe	fail
freight	lake	ace	display	wayward
male	jade	ape	fateful	fray
inflame	kate	labor	base	baby
haste	blamed	trail	mail	lace
take	age	dame	jailer	nasal
aim	great	safety	failure	nation
page	fate	mistake	whale	plague

A great April shower came our way today.

They paid the price for delaying the instant replay.

The ailing aviator chased the victory for its own sake.

They blamed the dame with the famous face.

The able often stray in this fateful age.

Make haste; delay may instigate a fray.

Statesmen hasten to awaken the nation these days.

I may portray Dorian gray on the stage in a play.

Nathan felt the weight of the fateful delay in rainfall.

My real estate agent has a gabled house on three acres.

Eight whales sprayed water as they came safely away.

 

B. The Soft [e]

Begin in the starting position and move your tongue slightly a little forward. Your mouth is opened a little more than it was in the first pair and your tongue is a little bit lower down and the vowel happens quickly.

还记得starting position么，在它的基础上靠舌头稍稍前移来发音。赖世雄老师讲到[e]的时候，是这样说的：舌头放平，舌尖轻轻抵住下齿，脸部肌肉放松，振动声带。两个美音专家，讲的有异曲同工之妙。

Common Spellings:

“e” as in twenty, enter, sell

Occasional Spellings:

“ea” as in spread, sweat “ai” as in said

“a” as in any, many “ie” as in friend

_____

①Repeat after Dr. David

get, ready, again,

every, enemy, friend, bed, get, ready, ten, sent

sell, well, bell, tell

(still be careful about the [el])

My friend is resting in bed.

Ed sent ten letters to the enemy.

Get the room ready before the deadline.

The senator meant everything he said yesterday.

The general slept in his headquarters.

_____

②Additional drills

twenty	embrace	semester	fence	red
nest	enter	tenth	friend	effort
fresh	deadline	left	leg	render
when	shelf	spread	jet	ebb
crescent	election	credit	well	century
letter	dilemma	intellect	mentor	wreck
stem	federal	mental	net	center
element	western

Ed rented the penthouse at an exorbitant price.

Ten and ten eventually get you twenty.

I meant every word I said in the elementary section.

Ben was a general from several sections of Tennessee.

Don’t lose your temper when I enter the room.

The song was rendered by men who twenty cents.

He was especially edgy after the separation.

I can’t accept this mental dilemma.

My ex-friend wrecked the mended fences.

Jeff’s hot temper tested his self-confidence.

September seventh was a red-letter day.

 

C. Contrasting “Hard [ei]” and “Soft [e]”

(与之前相同，中括号表示硬元音，大括号表示软元音)

[Ei]ght m{e}n can’t g{e}t through the g[a]te.

D{e}nnis is t[a]king a t{e}chnical course.

M{e}l is a m[ai]l arrier.

S[ai]l the boat out w{e}st, and then s{e}ll it.

_____

①Additional drills

[]	{}	[]	{}
laid	tread	trade	hen
tail	sell	sail	melt
waste	shed	shade	wedding
bail	hell	fade	men

 

The Difference

December 14, 2011 | Filed Under English | Leave a Comment 

方才在图书馆看到这么一个小段子，出自新东方李笑来老师的新TOEFL21天突破单词本前言里。写的很绕，读起来特别上口。成功与不成功的差别，真是再简单不过的道理。

可简单的东西，往往知易行难。

问问自己，Am I Successful or Unsuccessful?

_____

The difference between successful people and failures is that successful people make a habit of doing things that failures do not like to do. And what are those things? Well, the things that failures don’t like to do are the same things that successful people don’t like to do either. But successful people do them anyway because they realize that these are the prices that they must pay for the success that they desire.

Successful people are more concerned with pleasing results. Failure are more concerned with pleasing methods. Successful people do things that are goal achieving. Unsuccessful people do things that are tension relieving. Successful people do the things that are hard and necessary and important. Unsuccessful people, on the other hand, prefer to do the things that are fun and easy and which give immediate enjoyment.

Remember, everything in life is a test. Every day, every hour, and sometimes every minute, you are taking a test of self-mastery, self-control and self-discipline. The test is to see whether you can make yourself to do the things that are most important and stay with them until they are complete. The test is whether or not you can keep your mind on what you want and where you are going rather than thinking about things you don’t want or problem that you have had in the past.

第9课

December 14, 2011 | Filed Under English | Leave a Comment 

2-1-1

整理by Graham

 

A. The Hard [i:]

Common Spellings: (发[i:]常见的字母搭配)

“ee” as in tree, seem, eel

“e+consonant+e” as in concrete, supreme, scene

“ea” as in meat, peas, bean

“y” as in marry, happily, envy

注意：这里的音标虽然是[i]，但实际上，只要有两个音节以上的单词，末尾的[i]都要念成[i:]，参照赖世雄老师《美音音标发音指南》P9

Occasional Spellings: (不常见的搭配)

“ie” as in yield, pieces

“ei” as in ceiling

“i” as in ski, intrigue, machine

_____

①Repeat after Dr. David

each, even, see, key, green, tree

he, she, we, me, be

very, happy, country, softly, quickly

大卫提到other English dialects 可能发[ri]，[li]，但是美音要发[ri:]，[li:]，就像刚才前边提到的一样。

eel, meal, seal, deal, appeal, real, wheel

Give the extra movement of your tongue to pronounce [l] and get a nice smooth [i:l]，[i:l]这个音连着发，别断开。

The green car went speeding on the freeway.

She was happy to be eating cheese.

He hurt his knee while skiing very rapidly.

Don’t tease me, my money is real.

I’m very sorry you don’t agree with me.

(注：这些大卫有朗读的部分原本，他要求大写字母打，不过我觉得那样比较难阅读，所以还是用常规，至于要私下练习的部分，像往常一样标出，下同。)

_____

②Additional drills

each	see	teach	fleece	key
me	deal	equal	eager	police
agree	feed	easy	unique	meal
tree	cheat	either	ego	ceiling
please	supreme	free	speak	be
needle	freeway	eaves	machine	tea
fee	team	money	three	achieve
scene	keen	squeeze	enough	pieces
yield	beat	meat	stream	esteem
beak	intrigue	need	neat	jubilee
fever

Please cease to creep through the Garden of Eden.

Meat and cheese were served under the tree.

He twisted his knee while skiing fleetly down the peak.

Steve went to pieces because he was green with envy.

The speed demon careened off the freeway.

He teased the eager Marine with sneezing powder.

Meat, peas, and beans each provide protein.

He achieves intrigue by agreeing to speak Japanese.

She cheated me by dealing thirteen threes.

The reason for ceasing to speak was the parrot’s beak.

Jean and the team serenely jumped onto the beam.

 

B. The Soft [i]

Don’t have downward pitch glide or an echo stay.

软元音短促，不要有回声。

Common spellings:

“i” as in it, sit, still, in, sister, visit, infant

Occasional spelling:

“y” as in “symbol” and “typical”

_____

①Repeat after Dr. David

it, is, sister, visit, tip, big, different

in, inside, interest, hint, himself, winter

ill, silk, hill, bill, fill, until, pill

Go inside and sit still.

This winter will be different.

Bill visited his rich sister.

Pick him up on Fifth Avenue.

We lifted the infant out of his crib.

_____

②Additional drills

inside	mill	pick	physical	wind
city	still	cymbals	witty	ill
sister	flip	exhibit	disappear	zipper
income	lift	history	linen	winter
hint	different	mistake	assist	rich
interest	pyramid	brittle	exhibit	pitch
infant	invisible	quiver	big	live
will	trip	lick	crib	visit
tickle

Winter differs incredibly in its impact on individuals.

The inspector charged interest on Wilma’s income tax.

The clinician instantly investigated the infant’s itch.

Sit inside the pavilion instead of in the sun.

The chicken committed itself to the interest of dinner.

I intend to split the pit in the middle of the cherry.

I instantly intended to imply that you were ignorant.

The infant twitched and gripped the crib.

Inspector Smith hinted at mistakes in the investigation.

Jill will tickle her big sister immediately.

Pick him up at the liquor store on Fifth Street.

 

C. Contrasting “Hard [i:]” And “Soft [I]”

Dr. David: I will put hard Brackets [ ] around the hard vowel and soft brackets { } around the soft vowel.

中括号表示[i:]，大括号表示[i]，认真对待这个Compound Practice。

S{i}t {i}n that s[ea]t by the w{i}ndow.

Sh[e] broke her h[ee]l while climbing the h{i}ll.

The t[ea]m gr{i}nned after s[ee]ing the gr[ee]n f[ie]ld.

_____

①Additional drills

[ ]	{ }	[ ]	{ }
seep	sip	peak	pick
heel	hill	keel	kill
meal	mill	kneel	nil
real	rill	wheel	ill
feel	fill	eel	sill
peel	pill	seal	will
leap	lip	cheap	chip

 

2-1 Separating the Hard and Soft Vowels

December 14, 2011 | Filed Under English | Leave a Comment 

整理by Graham

Mp3 Link: http://u.115.com/file/clqb6sk0 

[Dr. David: Second language English speakers form almost any Language have at least some trouble separating the hard and soft vowels in each of the following pairs. Speakers from Romance Languages have Particular trouble with the soft forms. Speakers from Russian and other Slavic Languages and speakers of Yiddish and Hebrew have more Trouble with the hard forms. But these pairs represent one of the most important pronunciation skills for any second language English speakers.]

 

1. The Differences between the Hard and Soft Sounds in Each of Four Pairs of Vowels. Eight of the English vowels come in pairs, two by two.

2. The hard sound needs more rear-tongue movement and a slight downward pitch glide. You can feel a second Stage or “echo” almost like hearing the hard vowel twice. The soft vowel in each pair is short, stays on one pitch, and has little or no Movement in the back of the tongue.

3. 笔记安排：

2-1分四个section分别介绍[i:]和[i]，[ei]和[e]，[u:]和[u]，[əu]和[ɔ:]。每一小节的流程都是先介绍Hard，接着Soft，最后Compare。由于每一节篇幅较长，而且还有大量没有录音的Additional Drills。所以此处把每一小节变成一篇，即2-1包括这一篇共有5篇。

1-7 Putting It All Together

December 9, 2011 | Filed Under English | Leave a Comment 

1-7 Putting It All Together

1. First time: Concentrate on making your points with proper pitch changes.

Mark this first printing of the script with reminders about the places you might Begin jump up and step down units of intonation. Underline the words where the pitch jumps will happen. You might even use different colored pencils to indicate as may different options as you want. Remember, there’s no one correct place to begin intonation units.

 

2. Second time: Concentrate on relaxing the front and moving the tongue in the back of your mouth.

Use this second printing of the passage to mark the vowel sounds you practiced in lesson 5, especially the ones that you have the most trouble producing. Remember to use the quick American glide technique on all of the double vowels. Then try combining the intonation units you practiced on the last page with the correct pronunciations you’re drilling here.

 

3. Third time: Combine these things with the correct pronunciation of the sound that you just study.

Use this third printing of the passage to mark and practice the consonant sounds you learned in lesson 6.

 

4. Finally, attempt to read the passage with a mixture of everything you practiced on the last few pages. In addition, continue reminding yourself to generate speech movement with relaxed lips and with the American style of tongue muscularity.

Monologue: Putting it all together put it all together of 1-7

Hello, my name is David, I’m really happy to see you.

I’ve been wanting to come down here for a long time. I just didn’t get the chance before this. That’s probably because I’ve been Working really hard, and very long hours for a long time. But now that I’m here, I’d like to talk to you about some important things I’ve been doing lately. I’ve been spending a lot of time working on my speech–trying to learn how to use more of an American speech style. I’m using a lot more pitch change now. But I’m not sliding up in pitch. I’m using the American intonation pattern that a guy named stern calls the jump up and step down pattern. It’s also necessary for me to relax the front of my mouth and use the muscles in The back of my tongue more than I used to. I also started working on some difficult pronunciation. I really hope it’s paid off.

Well, what do you think? How do I sound?

1-6 the Most Difficult American Consonants

December 9, 2011 | Filed Under English | Leave a Comment 

1-6 the Most Difficult American Consonants

1. the “th” sound

Actually let the tip of your tongue stick out a bit and touch your top teeth, feel the vibration between your tongue and teeth.

thing, athlete, throw, fourth

this, that, the, other, them, they

Here are some sentences mixing up both kinds of “th” sounds.

They did this, that, and the other thing

Thank you for thinking of me.

Don’t throw that at them.

_____

Additional drills of “th”:

these, this, then, that, the, they, gather,

northern, southern, leather, teethe, soothe, lathe, weather

thesis, thistle, thespian, thatch, thunder, thank, thigh

thousand, breathy, monthly, apathy, author, cathode,

wrath, teeth, sooth, eighth, seventh

That thing over there is thoroughly annoying.

The thistle stuck into Throckmorton’s thick thumb.

Forsooth, the ointment will soothe that throbbing pain.

The seething thing was thoroughly annoying.

 

2. the “h” sound

Some of you draw the [h] completely which make it difficult for some native speakers of English to understand. Others make the heavysound on the throat.

Henry Harris came home.

here, have, had

hand, history, happy, inherit

He’s happy that you said hello.

Hold the helpless child’s hand.

My heart feels heavy when I hear you.

_____

Additional drills of “h”:

hold, hang, hail, inhale, inhibit, hoop, home, house, hero,

hen, haphazard(n.偶然), hermit, hill, hamster, Herman, hormone, hamburger

The handsome man inherited a horse ranch.

Hurry over here, Henry.

He inhaled and exhaled very heavily.

Hank inherited a hundred dollars from his history Teacher.

Hold on to the handle and inhale happily.

Homecoming hardly ever happens here anymore.

 

3. the “v” and “w” sounds

On the sound [v], you leave your bottom lip up to the edge of you top front teeth. Don’t touch the teeth with the outside of your lip, instead use the inside edge of your lip, just a little bit down from the top.

very, visit, every, fever, harvest, save

Every time I visit I see a vision.

I love to dive over the rocks.

I have avoided placing average advertisements.

Compare “w” with “v”. You can’t touch the bottom lip to your teeth or touch the two lips together, either.

vest/west

verse/worse

vent/went

we, will, wax, walk, wake

William worked harder on Wednesday.

Wait while I warm up the workroom.

Did he walk in through the window?

I wish Wendy would wear warmer clothes.

_____

Additional drills of “v” and “w”:

veal, visit, vest, voodoo, Vaughn, vacate, vote, vibrate, void,

veer, vary, vat, fever, harvest, avoid, save, grieve, relieve,

love, shelves, wave, groove, grove, leave, have we, will,

west, wax, wooed, wood, walk, work, woke, wake, wow, war,

were, wonder, whale, which, what, when white, wit, worry

When Vick worked on weekends he got very tired.

I love to watch whales, but I avoid waving at them.

She wondered whether to vacate the warm village.

I average five hours of work a day during harvest.

Where did Vivian wander every Wednesday evening?

There’s a village in the woods in western Vermont.

 

4. the “r” and “l” sounds

Avoid trilling your tongue. Avoid getting friction near the back of your tongue. Just pull the middle of your tongue back and up toward the soft palate.

rest, romance, room, repeat, royal, round

Remember the red roses on the ground?

I read a really good romance novel.

The room will be ready for you to rest.

Compare “l” with “r”. The air should actually pass between your tongue and cheeks on both sides.

river/liver

rot/lot

wrong/long

error/element

peer/peel

Let, look, lost, lonely, long, element, seldom

Larry has been late eleven times.

Let me loan you money for the laundry.

Please allow her to look for gold.

_____

Additional drills of “l” and “r”：

repeat, rid, rest, rat, root, rookie, rough, rake, roast,

True, tree, crop, thrill, free, brew, grade, freight, chrome,

Broil, leap, let, latch, look, lost, luck, element,

elaborate, illuminate, Alabama, political, employment,

elementary, seldom, peel, pill, spell, gal, pool, pull, toll, tale, girl, all

Larry would really like to remove the front lawn.

Children are less likely to roam around after eleven.

Richard learned to spell some really hard words.

The red river is lovely as it flow in front of the house.

He reads the real estate listings daily.

Frank lived across the hill from a really lovely farm.

1-5 American Vowel Pronunciations

December 9, 2011 | Filed Under English | Leave a Comment 

1-5 American Vowel Pronunciations

1. The five American diphthongs, or double vowels, are the best examples of why you must continue using everything you’ve already learned when trying to correct your pronunciation.

Each diphthong begins as one vowel sound then glide into a second vowel.

The five diphthongs are [ai:], [au], [ei], [əu], [ɔi].

In order to sound like they’re coming from a native speaker, these sounds must be produced with both downward pitch movement and a lot of muscles work in the rear tongue.

 

2. [ai:]

[ai:m] [ai:l] [ai:v]

mile, night, time, advice, identify

I’m really fine.

It’s a sign of the times.

I tried to find myself.

My guide and I had a fine time.

_____

Additional drills:

high, icy, eye, die, shy, ride, file, cry, aisle, flight, crime,

right, light, bright, while, slice, virus, baptize, advice,

pliable, style, spicy, shine, pine, pile, rhyme

I don’t have time to find him.

Please transcribe all five dialogues.

Life on dry land isn’t very exciting.

My son is the pride of my life.

There were five kinds of dried spiced.

He sliced the fried fish on Friday night.

 

3. [au]

Don’t push the lips forward to get the [u] ending, move your tongue up and let your bottom lip flow gently up and back the up lip.

out, hour, ounce, mouse, shower, about, count, flower

They went out of town.

They crowded around.

He ran around and about the town.

He’s proud of losing about ten pounds.

_____

Additional drills:

Coward, powder, amount, announce, ounce, mountain,

South, abound, profound, allow, round, brown, crowd,

Towel, mouse, down, foul, bound, flower, house, found, confound, how

It was the loudest hound in town.

They found it around the house.

I doubt that flowers can grow in that ground.

The loud crowd prowled around the town.

He counted the hours after she went out.

Wild flowers grow out there in the mountains.

 

4. [ei]

aim, ace, April, eight, came, baby, great, shame, failure

It’s a great day, today.

They sailed away to Spain.

He’s a real estate agent.

It was a great day in April.

_____

Additional drills:

weight, chased, rain, display, take, player, neighbor, maybe,

haste, safety, investigate, freight, trail, jailer, whale,

frame, haze, lake, aggravate, ate sage, pain, ape, lace

Great pain came our way today.

Kate has the most famous face in the nation.

Don’t delay mailing your payment.

My real estate agent found an eight acre lot.

The whales sprayed water while swimming away.

Don’t fail to take a walk by the lake.

 

5. [əu]

Put your tongue in the starting position, pull back slightly before you begin the sound then finish like gliding into the singing relaxed [u].

over, old, open, so, grow, moment, slowly

The boat went over the ocean.

Smoke rolled out of the window.

Joe put the dough into the bowl.

He floated home in the rowboat.

_____

Additional drills:

low, romance, photo, wrote, notion, ghost, grocery,

blown, so, tomato, phone, oaken, moment, motion, don’t,

window, bold, loaf, folds, cone, hope, sew, mole, echo, loan,

old, coal, hotel, fold

The oboe and cello sat alone.

The tone of the echo rolled over the hills.

He ate a roast with a tomato.

I said hello to all the folks i know.

It snowed in Ohio over the holidays.

The owner of the boat rowed home alone.

 

6. [ɔi]

oyster, oil, ointment, voice, toil, appointment

Roy heard a joyful noise.

The boy oiled his toy.

The soybeans were in the soil.

He rejoiced by eating oysters.

_____

Additional drills:

Rejoice, coil, poise, void, spoil, broil, asteroid, appoint,

Avoid, voyeur, moisture, cloister, hoist, soy sauce, choice,

Exploit, enjoy, royalty, poignant, join, oily, loin, coin

The other boys joined in the noise.

His royal head was anointed with oil.

Don’t loiter on noisy city streets.

Boil the fish; then broil it without any oil.

Sometimes royal exploits its loyal subjects.

He appointed Roy to get ointment for his joints.

 

7. Repeat after the tape.

It is a nice day to go around the town.

April tried to find her boy.

A great came from the right side of the door.

She is shy when nice boy are around the house.

I gave away a pound of fry fish yesterday.

 

8. Two unusual vowels which exist in very few languages other than English.

 The first is [ ʌ].

but, hut, under, us, mother, love, son, Monday

The puppy dug under the fence.

The bum stumbled into the lumber yard.

My mother loved my brother very much.

We covered up the other couple’s lunch.

_____

Additional drills:

Stubborn, under, rush, nun, deluxe, trouble, cover, hush,

Struggle, discuss, wonder, study, brush, lunch, come, bus,

Stump brunt, supper, bunk, nothing, mumble, study, unsung

The stuntman stumbled and tumbled into the mud.

The drunk mumbled something under his breath.

Come to lunch with my brother and me.

I wonder if Gus can come up to the hunting lodge

Shut up about the blood stain under the table.

Mother’s club activities take much of her time.

 

8*. The second is [æ].

man, bat, cat, hand, disaster, answer

The man is standing back there.

Last night the cat abandoned the kittens.

I can’t stand your lack of manners.

Ask any bashful man if he can dance.

_____

Additional drills:

after, passage, basket, half, ask, path, castle, trap,

command, as, mass, France, glass, admiral, sandwich,

fabric, bath, laugh, apple, absolute, master, grand, stand,

average, category, and

The passengers were trapped without their baggage.

The glass shattered after Dan tried to stand on it.

He passed out halfway up the path.

He commanded the castle after the captain abandoned it.

I can’t accept that answer from an athletic man.

It’s a bad habit to tap your hand on the wax apples.